AFRICAN JOURNAL FOR SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT Volume 3 Number 2 December 2021

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From the advent of steam engines in the late 18th century that revolutionised industry and transport, to the information communication technology (ICT) revolution, the advancement in technology has had a profound impact on the nature on human existence. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is the latest in the technological advancement of the first three industrial revolutions that transformed the modern society. First popularised by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2015, the Fourth Industrial Revolution characterised by the fusion of the digital, biological, and physical worlds, as well as the growing utilisation of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, robotics, 3D printing, the Internet of Things, and advanced wireless technologies, among others, has ushered in a new era of economic disruption with uncertain socio-economic consequences for Africa (Ndung’u, and Signé, (2020).

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